Mold Steels Properties Comparison
Mold Steels Properties Comparison |
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| Steel Grade | Key Composition | Hardness (HRC) | Wear Resistance | Toughness | Corrosion Resistance | Thermal Stability | Typical Applications |
| P20 (1.2311) | C 0.3%, Cr 1.7%, Mn 0.8% | 28-32 | Moderate | High | Low | ≤300°C | General injection molds, appliance housings |
| H13 (1.2344) | C 0.4%, Cr 5%, Mo 1.5%, V 1% | 48-52 | High | Medium-High | Medium | ≤600°C | Die-casting molds, hot-work tools |
| S136 (1.2083) | C 0.4%, Cr 13.6%, Mn 0.5% | 48-52 | High | Medium | Excellent | ≤400°C | Optical-grade molds (lenses, lamp covers) |
| NAK80 | C 0.1%, Ni 3%, Al 1%, Cu 1% | 38-42 | Medium-High | Excellent | Medium | ≤400°C | High-gloss plastic molds, electronics |
| D2 (1.2379) | C 1.5%, Cr 12%, Mo 0.8%, V 0.9% | 58-62 | Exceptional | Low | High | ≤500°C | Stamping dies, shear blades |
| 420 (1.2083) | C 0.4%, Cr 13% | 50-54 | High | Low | Excellent | ≤300°C | Medical devices, food-grade molds |
| M2 (HSS) | C 0.9%, W 6%, Mo 5%, Cr 4%, V 2% | 62-64 | Exceptional | Very Low | Medium | ≤600°C | Precision punches, cutting tools |
| 718 (1.2738) | C 0.4%, Ni 1%, Cr 2%, Mo 0.2% | 32-36 | Medium | High | Medium | ≤400°C | Large |
Key Performance Metrics of Mold Steels
Hardness (HRC)
- High hardness (≥50 HRC) suits wear-resistant applications (e.g., D2, M2) but reduces toughness.
- Medium hardness (30-40 HRC) balances machinability and impact resistance (e.g., NAK80, 718).
Wear Resistance
- High-carbon (C) and vanadium (V) steels (e.g., D2, M2) offer superior wear resistance.
Toughness
- Nickel (Ni)-alloyed steels (e.g., NAK80) excel in crack resistance.
Corrosion Resistance
- High-chromium (Cr≥13%) grades (e.g., S136, 420) resist rust and chemical attack.
Thermal Stability
- Hot-work steels (e.g., H13) withstand ≤600°C; cold-work steels (e.g., D2) typically ≤500°C.
Selection Guidelines of Mold Steels
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Optical/Transparent Parts: Prioritize S136 (corrosion resistance + mirror polishability).
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Die-Casting/High-Temp Molds: H13 (thermal fatigue resistance).
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Precision Stamping: D2 or M2 (extreme wear resistance; avoid impact loads).
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Cost-Effective Injection Molds: P20 (easy machining, low-volume production).
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